Influence of γ' precipitate on deformation and fracture during creep in PM nickel-based superalloy

FGH96 is a powder metallurgy nickel based superally used for turbine disk of aero-engines. In the present study FGH96 alloy with four different γ' precipitate microstructures were produced via solution heat-treatment with different cooling rates, and the maximum cooling rate reached 400°C/min which was a super cooling rate for Nickel-based superalloy. The creep tests were conducted for PM FGH96 alloy under the testing condition of 704°C and 690 MPa. The relationship between the creep properties and the distribution of γ' precipitate was established. The creep mechanism was analyzed by using TEM and ACTEM, and the dislocation movement was studied at the atomic scale. The creep strain rate was calculated through a physically based crystal slip model established based on crystal plasticity. The calculated results were consistent with the test ones, illustrating the validity of the model. The fracture mechanism was also investigated, and the results showed that the creep cracks generated on the surface due to the oxidation. It was observed that the cracks propagated in different ways depending on the different average diameters of γ' precipitate. With the decrease of the average γ' precipitate size,the critical shearing stress increased and the resistance of the dislocation slipping increased. The fracture mechanism for the primary stage transformed from intragranular to intergranular due to the change of dislocation slipping.     

The Effectiveness of Structural Monetary Policy and Macro-Prudential Policies — Based on the DSGE Model That Includes Bank Heterogeneous Credit

Journal of Systems Science and Complexity - Structural monetary policy and macro-prudential policies are important parts of the policy system of the People’s Bank of China. By constructing a...     

人工智能技术阶段化发展与我国的后发追赶 ——基于双S曲线的技术演进分析

自改革开放四十多年来,我国在计算机及人工智能技术领域处于后发追赶并逐步向国际技术前沿靠近的状态,并在人工智能技术部分子领域中实现了由跟随者到并行领先的跨越,基本完成了技术追赶过程.为从技术阶段化演变规律中剖析这一过程,本文基于双S曲线方法及人工智能技术专利相关指标,从技术生命周期视角对人工智能技术的发展进行阶段划分,以此为基础回顾我国计算机及人工智能技术发展历程,并对比分析我国与先发国家人工智能技术演化阶段性特征及技术追赶路径,以此为基础简要探讨影响我国计算机与人工智能技术追赶的可能因素,以期为后发国家技术追赶提供一定参考.     

加快建设国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台

构建国家科研论文和科技信息高端交流平台是加强国家战略科技力量的重要举措之一.在系统梳理我国科研论文和科技信息交流平台建设现状的基础上,指出目前存在资源分散、规模尚小、重复建设、开放度低、专业性不足、功能不完善、交流不通畅等问题,缺乏吸纳全球科研成果的平台或载体,难以从创新链和产业链的角度整合技术供给体系,进而提出整合国家战略科技资源、构建系统深入的开放交流机制、提升交流平台的建设水平、充分发挥竞争情报人员作用和建立健全科研评价体系等对策建议,为我国未来高端交流平台的建设提供有益启示.     

5株海洋石油降解菌Halomonas spp.的降解特性分析

从大连新港石油污染海域海底沉积物中分离获得了5株菌株,编号分别为p14、p22、p23、p35和p37.经16S rDNA测序分析,菌株p14、p22、p23、p35和p37分别与Halomonas titanicae BH1T、Halomonas alkaliphila 18bAGT、Halomonas venusta DSM 4743T、Halomonas alkaliantarctica CRSST和Halomonas pacifica DSM 4742 T最相似.实验研究其石油降解特性表明:该5株细菌菌株皆可降解石油,降解率分别为31.0％、47.8％、18.6％、3.8％、40.2％,菌株p22石油降解性能最佳,高达47.8％,菌株p37其次,高达40.2％.此外,5株细菌菌株均能降解十二烷、十六烷、蒽、萘、菲和芘,其中,p22、p23对芳烃降解性能更好,p14对芳烃的降解能力最差.菌株p14对烷烃降解能力较强,菌株p35、p37对烷烃降解能力较差.表明5株盐单胞菌菌株具有环境污染修复能力,是潜在的优良降有机污染物降解菌剂.     

Impact of the RMB Joining in the SDR Basket on Its Internationalization from the Perspective of Risk Spillover

For evaluating the influence of the Chinese renminbi(RMB) joining in the special drawing right(SDR) basket on RMB's internationalization, the authors systemically study the risk spillover networks and examine the dynamic relationship of exchange rates among the SDR currencies including the US dollar(USD), European Union euro(EUR), Japanese yen(JPY) and British pound(GBP).The empirical results demonstrate that the USD takes a dominant position and holds the biggest risk spillover to other currencies, and the RMB's inclusion to the SDR basket makes the risk spillover to get average, giving rise to the SDR currency system more stable to a certain degree. The inclusion of the RMB in the SDR not only can reduce the systematic risk of the SDR, but also has a certain impact on the international exchange rate markets. Nowadays, in front of the growing trade friction, more such researches could help to effectively deal with the currency disputes.     

加氢空冷器注水管道孔板流场及压降特性分析

加氢反应流出物空冷器(reactor effluent air cooler,简称REAC)作为石化装置重要冷换设备铵盐腐蚀风险较大,工程上通常采用空冷器前注水消除NH4 Cl等铵盐沉积堵管问题,因此,注水效果好坏直接影响石化装置的安全稳定运行.以某石化企业REAC前注水孔板为研究对象,通过分析不同孔数、等效直径比、相对厚度等因素对孔板压损系数的影响机理,评估孔板结构对多元流体均流平衡效果优劣.研究结果表明:在相同的孔数和等效直径比下,压损系数随孔板相对厚度的增加先快速减小随后趋于稳定,其临界孔板相对厚度为0. 822.在相同等效直径比和相对厚度下,薄孔板的压损系数随孔数增加先减小后增大,压损系数与管道出口流量呈负相关关系.综合考量下孔板相对厚度为1.474时,单孔孔板结构均流平衡效果最好.     

基于稳定函数的支撑结构系统临界力计算方法

基于稳定函数，给出了求解支撑结构系统临界力的计算方法，推导了不同荷载作用位置的3种双层支撑结构系统临界力的计算公式.结果表明:基于稳定函数的理论推导公式求出的解析解与二阶弹性分析数值解计算结果相近，误差均在3%以内;双层1~3跨带摇摆柱支撑结构系统总承载力理论值与试验值的结果验证了本文求解支撑结构系统临界力计算方法的准确性.基于稳定函数的支撑结构系统临界力计算方法具有普遍的适用性、较高的计算精度，为工程应用提供理论基础.     

低能N+注入凤仙花的变异检测

以低能N 注入凤仙花(Impatiens balsaminaL)种子后获得了高茎、矮茎2个变异品系.对其进行过氧化物同工酶(POD)检测的结果表明,2个变异品系叶片的POD分子大小、表达强度和条带数目与对照相比都发生了一定变化.随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)分析结果也表明变异品系DNA链的脱氧核苷酸序列发生了变异,从25个随机引物中筛选出了9个具有多态性.实验证明适当剂量的低能N 注入能够在基因水平引起凤仙花的变异,为花卉产业的发展提供了一种遗传育种手段.     

海冰水不同盐含量处理对棉花、小麦和玉米种子萌发影响

实验采用盐的质量分数w(盐)分别为1,3,5,7,9 g.kg-1的海冰水及纯水对照处理棉花(GoddypiumhirdutumL.)、小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)和玉米(ZeamaysL.)3种作物种子,每发芽盒50粒,置自控培养箱内萌发7 d.定时观测记录种子发芽数、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长.结果表明:在海冰水盐分胁迫下,棉花、小麦、玉米种子的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数均随w(盐)增加呈下降趋势;在w(盐)=1~9 g.kg-1的处理范围内,3种作物的种子发芽率均高于50%.但3种种子根芽抑制指数差异显著,棉花在w(盐)=1~9 g.kg-1范围内,根芽抑制指数变幅不大,承受能力最强,而对玉米,小麦来说,w(盐)=5 g.kg-1处理是个界限,当w(盐)≥5 g.kg-1时,小麦玉米的根、芽生长明显受到抑制.因此海冰水作为农业灌溉水源时,棉花可以作为该区域内首选的经济耐盐作物予以广泛种植,但应适当考虑加大播种量,同时严格控制海冰灌溉水的w(盐).